Adenosine receptors (ARs) are expressed in both the innate and adaptive immunity, suggesting a possible role in the neuroinflammatory response. Although the neuroprotective role of adenosine A1 receptors after ischemia has been already described, the role of other ARs such as adenosine A₂A receptors (A₂ARs) after ischemia remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the expression of A₂ARs in healthy and ischemic conditions and to evaluate their role in neuroinflammation using in vivo and ex vivo imaging techniques. Our results showed that in healthy conditions [¹¹C]SCH442416-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) signal was mainly observed in the striatum. The images obtained by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at day 1 showed a cortico-striatal infarction triggering a decrease of PET striatal signal, followed by a recovery at day 3 after stroke and a progressive decline. These results were confirmed by IHC analysis, showing a striatal increase of A₂ARs⁺/CD11b⁺ cells at day 3 after stroke. Additionally, the rats treated with CGS21680, an agonist of A₂ARs, obtained a higher striatal uptake of [¹⁸F]DPA-714 (a radiotracer to analyse neuroinflammation) accompanied by a higher number of TSPO⁺/CD11b⁺ cells at day 7 after stroke. Altogether, this study shows that A₂ARs are mainly expressed in the striatum and demonstrates their involvement in the neuroinflammatory response after ischemic stroke.